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            Three-loop electronic vacuum-polarization corrections due to irreducible diagrams are evaluated for two-body muonic ions with nuclear charge numbers . The corrections are of order , where is the fine-structure constant and is the reduced mass. Numerically, the energy corrections are found to be of the same order of magnitude as the largest of the order corrections, and are thus phenomenologically interesting. Our method of calculation eliminates numerical uncertainty encountered in other approaches. Published by the American Physical Society2025more » « lessFree, publicly-accessible full text available March 1, 2026
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            We report on progress in the calculation of corrections to positronium energy levels of order $$m \alpha^7$$. Corrections at this level will be needed for the interpretation of the results of upcoming measurements. A procedure for the calculation of high order corrections has been developed based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation of dimensionally regularized NRQED and the method of regions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by using it to obtain all pure recoil corrections to positronium energies at $$O(m \alpha^6)$$ in a unified manner.more » « less
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            The tensor product of $$L$$ copies of a single vector, such as $$p_{i_1} \cdots p_{i_L}$$, can be analyzed in terms of angular momentum. When $$p_{i_1} \cdots p_{i_L}$$ is decomposed into a sum of components $$\left ( p_{i_1} \cdots p_{i_L} \right )^L_\ell$$, each characterized by angular momentum $$\ell$$, the components are in general complicated functions of the $$p_i$$ vectors, especially so for large $$\ell$$. We obtain a compact expression for $$\left ( p_{i_1} \cdots p_{i_L} \right )^L_\ell$$ explicitly in terms of the $$p_i$$ valid for all $$L$$ and $$\ell$$. We use this decomposition to perform three-dimensional Fourier transforms of functions like $$p^n \hat p_{i_1} \cdots \hat p_{i_L}$$ that are useful in describing particle interactions.more » « less
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